In the earliest period of the history of human culture, all exchange was by barter i.e., the exchange of one article for another. This was the stage of simple barter. Next to it we have generally a second pre-metallic stage, in which the medium of exchange is some article commonly found and being valued for its utility, becomes the measure [...]
Agriculture was the principal occupation in the villages. Its adoption took place undoubtedly at a very early age, though we have nothing, which can tell us as to the period when it was adopted. Historical evidence goes to prove that among pastoral peoples or even semi-savages, agriculture in some form or other has been practiced. In regard to the Indo-Europeans, [...]
In this article we will discuss about the occupations and condition of labour during Aryans period. The ever-increasing wants of society gave rise to different crafts. The requirements of agriculture, of war and of religion gave a stimulus to these craftsmen. Sections of the community began to engage themselves in these occupations. The success of a few induced a large [...]